Monitor Risks- PMBOK® Guide 8th Edition
আপনি ঠিক বলেছেন। আগের উত্তরে Figure 2-53-এর কয়েকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ point বাদ পড়েছিল, বিশেষ করে Work Performance Data, Work Performance Reports, Project Management Plan Updates-এর “Any component”, Assumption Log এবং Organizational Process Asset Updates। এবার আমি Figure 2-53-এর প্রতিটি point হুবহু কাঠামো অনুযায়ী ধরে ব্যাখ্যা করছি। PMBOK® Guide 8th Edition-এর Figure 2-53-তে এই ITTO-গুলোই দেওয়া আছে। (studylib.net)
1. Monitor Risks কী?
PMBOK® 8th Edition অনুযায়ী Monitor Risks হলো এমন একটি process যেখানে:
- risk response plans-এর implementation monitor করা,
- identified risks track করা,
- নতুন risks identify ও analyze করা,
- নতুন risks-এর জন্য response plan করা,
- risk responses এবং risk management processes-এর effectiveness evaluate করা
হয় project-এর পুরো সময়জুড়ে। এই process-এর মাধ্যমে risk owners assigned আছে কি না এবং emerging risks কার্যকরভাবে address হচ্ছে কি না তাও নিশ্চিত করা হয়। (studylib.net)
সহজ ভাষায়
Implement Risk Responses = পরিকল্পিত response বাস্তবে execute করা।
Monitor Risks = response কাজ করছে কি না, risk-এর অবস্থা পরিবর্তন হয়েছে কি না, নতুন risk এসেছে কি না—এসব continuously check করা।
2. Figure 2-53-এর সম্পূর্ণ ITTO
Figure-টি প্রথমে সম্পূর্ণভাবে দেখে নিই।
INPUTS
Project Management Plan
Risk Management Plan
Project Documents
- Issue Log
- Lessons Learned Register
- Risk Register
- Risk Report
Work Performance Data
Work Performance Reports
Etc.
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
Data Analysis
- Technical Performance Analysis
- Reserve Analysis
Audits
Meetings
Etc.
OUTPUTS
Work Performance Information
Change Requests
Project Management Plan Updates
- Any component
Project Document Updates
- Assumption Log
- Issue Log
- Lessons Learned Register
- Risk Register
- Risk Report
Organizational Process Asset Updates
Etc.
এটাই Figure 2-53-এর সম্পূর্ণ structure। (studylib.net)
PART-A: INPUTS
3. Project Management Plan
Figure 2-53-এ Project Management Plan-এর অধীনে নির্দিষ্টভাবে:
Risk Management Plan
দেওয়া হয়েছে।
4. Risk Management Plan
এটি কী?
Risk Management Plan হলো project-এ risk management কীভাবে পরিচালনা করা হবে তার framework।
এতে সাধারণত থাকতে পারে:
- Risk management approach
- Risk roles and responsibilities
- Risk categories
- Risk thresholds
- Risk appetite
- Risk escalation approach
- Risk review frequency
- Risk response approach
- Risk reporting approach
Monitor Risks-এ এর function
Risk monitoring কীভাবে করতে হবে তার baseline/framework দেয়।
উদাহরণ:
Risk Management Plan-এ বলা হলো:
High-priority risks weekly review করতে হবে।
তাহলে project manager প্রতি সপ্তাহে high-priority risks review করবেন।
PMP Exam Tip
যদি প্রশ্ন হয়:
“How should risks be monitored?”
তাহলে Risk Management Plan গুরুত্বপূর্ণ input।
5. Project Documents
Figure 2-53-এ Project Documents-এর অধীনে চারটি specific document আছে:
- Issue Log
- Lessons Learned Register
- Risk Register
- Risk Report
আগের উত্তরে এগুলোর কিছু যথেষ্ট বিস্তারিতভাবে আলাদা করে দেখানো হয়নি। এবার প্রতিটি দেখছি।
6. Issue Log
Issue কী?
Risk:
ভবিষ্যতে ঘটতে পারে এমন uncertainty।
Issue:
ইতোমধ্যে ঘটে যাওয়া বা বর্তমানে বিদ্যমান problem।
Monitor Risks-এ Issue Log-এর function
Risk monitoring-এর সময় কোনো identified risk materialize করলে সেটি issue-তে পরিণত হতে পারে।
Example
Risk:
Transformer delivery may be delayed.
পরে transformer সত্যিই 15 দিন delay হলো।
এখন এটি আর শুধু সম্ভাব্য risk নয়।
It has become an issue.
তাই Issue Log-এ record/update করা হবে।
7. Lessons Learned Register
কী?
Project চলাকালীন বা পূর্ববর্তী experience থেকে পাওয়া lessons-এর record।
Monitor Risks-এ function
Risk monitoring থেকে কী শেখা গেল তা document করতে সাহায্য করে।
Example
আগে monthly risk review করা হতো।
কিন্তু project team দেখল:
Monthly review-এর কারণে emerging risk দেরিতে detect হচ্ছে।
Lesson:
“Critical risks should be reviewed weekly.”
এই lesson Lessons Learned Register-এ রাখা হবে।
গুরুত্বপূর্ণ PMP point
Lessons Learned শুধু project শেষে তৈরি হয় না।
Throughout the project continuously update করা যায়।
8. Risk Register
এটি Monitor Risks-এর অন্যতম প্রধান input।
Risk Register-এ থাকতে পারে:
- Risk ID
- Risk description
- Cause
- Effect
- Probability
- Impact
- Risk owner
- Risk response
- Trigger
- Status
- Residual risk
- Secondary risk
Monitor Risks-এ function
Risk-এর current condition আগের condition-এর সঙ্গে compare করা।
Example
আগে:
Probability = Medium
Monitoring-এর পরে supplier performance খারাপ পাওয়া গেল।
এখন:
Probability = High
তাহলে Risk Register update করতে হবে।
9. Risk Report
Risk Register বনাম Risk Report
এটি PMP exam-এর জন্য অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
Risk Register
Individual risks-এর detailed information।
Risk Report
Overall project risk এবং identified individual risks-এর summarized/consolidated picture।
Monitor Risks-এ function
Risk Report ব্যবহার করে দেখা যায়:
- Overall project risk exposure
- Major risk drivers
- Risk trends
- Individual risk summary
- Overall risk changes
Example
আগে:
Overall project risk = Medium
Monitoring-এর পরে:
Overall project risk = High
এই পরিবর্তন Risk Report-এ reflect করা হবে।
10. Work Performance Data
এটি আগের উত্তরে আমি যথেষ্ট গুরুত্ব দিয়ে আলাদা করিনি।
Figure 2-53-এ Work Performance Data একটি আলাদা input। (studylib.net)
কী?
Project execution থেকে সরাসরি পাওয়া raw measurements/facts।
যেমন:
- Actual cost
- Actual duration
- Actual technical performance
- Actual defects
- Actual equipment failure
- Actual resource usage
- Actual delivery time
- Actual productivity
Monitor Risks-এ function
Risk condition-এর early warning বা change detect করতে raw data ব্যবহার করা হয়।
Example — Power Plant
Risk:
Turbine vibration may exceed allowable limit.
Collected data:
| Date | Vibration |
|---|---|
| Day 1 | 2.4 mm/s |
| Day 10 | 2.9 mm/s |
| Day 20 | 3.5 mm/s |
| Day 30 | 4.2 mm/s |
এগুলো হলো:
Work Performance Data
এই data analyze করে risk condition সম্পর্কে meaningful conclusion পাওয়া যাবে।
11. Work Performance Reports
এটিও Figure 2-53-এর আলাদা input, যা আগের উত্তরে আমি বাদ দিয়েছিলাম। (studylib.net)
কী?
Raw performance data-কে organize/analyze করে তৈরি করা reports।
যেমন:
- Schedule performance report
- Cost performance report
- Quality report
- Procurement report
- Technical performance report
- Project status report
Monitor Risks-এ function
Project performance-এর পরিবর্তন risk exposure-কে প্রভাবিত করছে কি না তা বোঝা।
Example
Schedule Performance Report:
Critical equipment delivery is 12 days late.
এটি supplier-related risk-এর probability বাড়াতে পারে।
12. Work Performance Data বনাম Work Performance Reports
এটি PMP exam-এর জন্য গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
| Work Performance Data | Work Performance Reports |
|---|---|
| Raw data | Organized/compiled information |
| Actual measurements | Performance presentation |
| “What happened?” | “How is the project performing?” |
| Individual observations | Consolidated reporting |
Example
Data:
Equipment delivered 15 days late.
Report:
Supplier performance is significantly below baseline and threatens commissioning milestone.
13. Etc. — Inputs
Figure-এর শেষে Etc. আছে।
এর অর্থ হলো project context অনুযায়ী অন্যান্য relevant information/input-ও ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে।
PART-B: TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
14. Data Analysis
Figure 2-53-এ Data Analysis-এর অধীনে দুটি specific technique আছে:
- Technical Performance Analysis
- Reserve Analysis
15. Technical Performance Analysis
কী?
Project-এর actual technical performance-কে planned/required technical performance-এর সঙ্গে compare করা।
কী ধরনের parameter?
যেমন:
- Capacity
- Reliability
- Accuracy
- Response time
- Efficiency
- Defect rate
- Equipment performance
- Technical specification compliance
Example
Design requirement:
Vibration ≤ 4 mm/s
Actual:
4.8 mm/s
এখানে technical performance deviation হয়েছে।
এটি risk-এর probability/impact পরিবর্তনের signal হতে পারে।
PMP keyword
Actual technical performance vs planned/required technical performance → Technical Performance Analysis
16. Reserve Analysis
কী?
Risk মোকাবিলার জন্য available reserve যথেষ্ট আছে কি না তা evaluate করা।
বিশেষ করে:
- Contingency reserve
- Management reserve
সম্পর্কিত information review করা হতে পারে।
Example
Initial contingency reserve:
$500,000
Already used:
$350,000
Remaining:
$150,000
কিন্তু remaining risks মোকাবিলায় সম্ভাব্য requirement:
$250,000
এক্ষেত্রে risk exposure এবং reserve adequacy পুনরায় evaluate করা দরকার।
17. Reserve Analysis-এর মূল প্রশ্ন
Monitor Risks-এর সময় Reserve Analysis মূলত জানতে সাহায্য করে:
“Remaining risks মোকাবিলার জন্য আমাদের reserve কি যথেষ্ট?”
18. Audits
Risk audit হলো risk management activities/process এবং risk responses-এর systematic examination।
Audit-এর মাধ্যমে দেখা যায়:
- Risk management process follow করা হয়েছে কি না
- Risk responses যথাযথভাবে implement হয়েছে কি না
- Responses effective কি না
- Risk owners assigned আছে কি না
- Risk management process improve করা দরকার কি না
Example
Plan:
Weekly equipment inspection.
Audit:
গত 4 সপ্তাহে মাত্র 1টি inspection হয়েছে।
তাহলে risk management process implementation-এর সমস্যা আছে।
19. Meetings
Monitor Risks-এর সময় বিভিন্ন meeting করা যায়:
- Risk review meeting
- Project team meeting
- Risk owner meeting
- Stakeholder meeting
- Management review
Function
Meetings-এর মাধ্যমে:
- Existing risks review
- Risk status update
- New/emerging risks discuss
- Risk triggers review
- Response effectiveness discuss
- Risk owner accountability review
- Escalation decision
করা হয়।
20. Etc. — Tools & Techniques
Figure-এর Tools & Techniques-এর শেষে Etc. আছে।
অর্থাৎ project context অনুযায়ী additional suitable techniques ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে।
PART-C: OUTPUTS
এখানে আগের উত্তরের তুলনায় সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কয়েকটি correction আছে।
Figure 2-53-এ outputs হলো:
- Work Performance Information
- Change Requests
- Project Management Plan Updates — Any component
- Project Document Updates
- Organizational Process Asset Updates
- Etc. (studylib.net)
21. Work Performance Information
কী?
Work Performance Data analyze করার পর meaningful information তৈরি হয়।
Data:
Vibration = 4.8 mm/s
Analysis:
Limit = 4.0 mm/s
Information:
Technical performance is exceeding the acceptable threshold and indicates increasing equipment-failure risk.
এটাই:
Work Performance Information
Monitor Risks-এ এতে থাকতে পারে:
- Risk status
- Risk trends
- Risk exposure changes
- Response effectiveness
- Risk trigger status
- Emerging risk information
- Residual risk information
22. Change Requests
Risk monitoring-এর ফলাফল যদি project-এর approved plan/baseline পরিবর্তনের প্রয়োজন দেখায়, তাহলে Change Request তৈরি হতে পারে।
Example
Current response:
Weekly inspection
Monitoring:
Risk exposure continues to increase.
Proposed change:
Install continuous online monitoring system.
এর জন্য additional:
- Cost
- Scope
- Schedule
প্রয়োজন হতে পারে।
তখন:
Change Request
23. Project Management Plan Updates — Any Component
এটি আগের উত্তরের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ missing point।
Figure 2-53-এ নির্দিষ্ট ২/৩টি plan component নয়; বলা হয়েছে:
Any component
অর্থাৎ risk monitoring-এর ফলাফল অনুযায়ী Project Management Plan-এর যেকোনো relevant component update হতে পারে। (studylib.net)
Example
Monitoring-এর পরে দেখা গেল:
Risk review frequency monthly থেকে weekly করা দরকার।
তাহলে:
Risk Management Plan update হতে পারে।
আবার risk response-এর কারণে:
- Schedule Management Plan
- Cost Management Plan
- Resource Management Plan
- Procurement Management Plan
- Quality Management Plan
ইত্যাদির relevant অংশও update হতে পারে।
PMP Exam Tip
Question যদি বলে:
“Risk monitoring indicates that the project management approach needs to change.”
তাহলে:
Project Management Plan Update
24. Project Document Updates
Figure 2-53-এ Project Document Updates-এর অধীনে ৫টি specific document রয়েছে:
- Assumption Log
- Issue Log
- Lessons Learned Register
- Risk Register
- Risk Report
এখানে Assumption Log আগের উত্তরে বাদ পড়েছিল।
25. Assumption Log Update
Assumption কী?
Project planning-এর সময় কোনো বিষয়কে সত্য/বাস্তব বলে ধরে নেওয়া।
Example
“Supplier will provide OEM specialist during commissioning.”
এটি একটি assumption হতে পারে।
Monitoring-এর পরে দেখা গেল:
OEM specialist availability uncertain.
তাহলে assumption পরিবর্তন/clarify করতে হবে।
Function
Risk monitoring-এর মাধ্যমে assumptions-এর validity পরিবর্তিত হলে Assumption Log update করা।
PMP clue
Assumption changed/invalid → Assumption Log
26. Issue Log Update
Risk monitoring-এর সময় কোনো risk materialize করলে তা issue হয়ে যেতে পারে।
Example
Risk:
“Critical spare may not arrive.”
Actual:
Spare has not arrived and commissioning is blocked.
এখন:
Issue Log update
27. Lessons Learned Register Update
Monitoring-এর সময় নতুন lesson পাওয়া গেলে তা record করা হয়।
Example
Weekly risk review identified emerging risks earlier than monthly reviews.
Lesson:
Critical technical risks should be reviewed weekly.
এটি Lessons Learned Register-এ যোগ করা হবে।
28. Risk Register Update
Risk Register হলো Monitor Risks-এর অন্যতম প্রধান living document।
Update হতে পারে:
- Risk probability
- Risk impact
- Risk priority
- Risk status
- Risk owner
- Response status
- Trigger
- Residual risk
- Secondary risk
- New risk
- Closed risk
Example
Original:
Probability = Medium
Impact = High
After monitoring:
Probability = High
Impact = HighRisk Register update হবে।
29. Risk Report Update
Overall risk exposure পরিবর্তিত হলে Risk Report update হবে।
Example
আগে:
Overall risk exposure = Medium
Monitoring-এর পরে:
Overall risk exposure = High
Risk Report-এ updated exposure এবং major risk drivers reflect করা হবে।
30. Organizational Process Asset Updates
এটিও আগের উত্তরে বাদ পড়েছিল এবং Figure 2-53-এর একটি explicit output।
OPA Updates কী?
Organization-এর reusable risk-management knowledge/process update করা।
যেমন:
- Risk management templates
- Risk audit checklist
- Risk response procedures
- Risk categories
- Risk thresholds
- Historical risk data
- Lessons learned
- Standard operating procedures
Example
একটি project-এ নতুন ধরনের turbine control risk দেখা গেল এবং organization একটি নতুন standard monitoring checklist তৈরি করল।
এই checklist future projects-এ ব্যবহার করা যাবে।
তাহলে:
Organizational Process Assets update
31. Etc. — Outputs
Figure-এর শেষে Etc. রয়েছে।
অর্থাৎ project context অনুযায়ী অন্যান্য relevant outputs/documents তৈরি বা update হতে পারে।
32. Monitor Risks-এর Complete Real-Life Power Plant Example
এখন পুরো Figure 2-53 একটি 1320 MW power plant-এর example দিয়ে দেখি।
Risk
Turbine control valve failure during high-load operation.
Existing Risk Register
Probability:
Medium
Impact:
High
Response:
Mitigate
INPUT 1 — Risk Management Plan
Plan অনুযায়ী:
Critical technical risks weekly review করতে হবে।
INPUT 2 — Risk Register
Risk owner:
Turbine Maintenance Manager
Response:
Inspection + testing + spare availability
INPUT 3 — Work Performance Data
Collected:
Valve response time = 3.8 sec
Design:
2.5 sec
INPUT 4 — Work Performance Report
Technical report দেখাচ্ছে:
Valve response performance is deteriorating.
TOOL 1 — Technical Performance Analysis
Actual:
3.8 sec
Required:
2.5 sec
Conclusion:
Technical performance deviation exists.
TOOL 2 — Reserve Analysis
Contingency reserve:
$300,000
Remaining:
$80,000
Additional mitigation estimated:
$150,000
Conclusion:
Existing reserve may be insufficient.
TOOL 3 — Audit
Audit发现:
Planned weekly testing was not consistently performed.
TOOL 4 — Meeting
Risk owner + engineering + maintenance team বসে সিদ্ধান্ত নিল:
Additional online monitoring system required.
33. OUTPUT 1 — Work Performance Information
Conclusion:
Valve performance is deteriorating and risk exposure has increased.
34. OUTPUT 2 — Change Request
Online monitoring system-এর জন্য additional budget দরকার।
তাই:
Change Request
তৈরি করা হলো।
35. OUTPUT 3 — Project Management Plan Update
Risk monitoring frequency:
Monthly → Weekly
তাই relevant plan component update করা হলো।
36. OUTPUT 4 — Assumption Log Update
Previous assumption:
“Existing monitoring is sufficient.”
এটি আর valid নয়।
তাই Assumption Log update।
37. OUTPUT 5 — Risk Register Update
Probability:
Medium → High
Response status:
Existing mitigation insufficient
Residual risk:
High
38. OUTPUT 6 — Risk Report Update
Overall technical risk exposure:
Medium → High
39. OUTPUT 7 — OPA Update
Organization সিদ্ধান্ত নিল:
“Critical control valves-এর জন্য standard online monitoring checklist ভবিষ্যৎ projects-এ বাধ্যতামূলক হবে।”
এটি:
Organizational Process Asset Update
40. Monitor Risks-এর একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Concept
PMBOK 8th Edition অনুযায়ী Monitor Risks শুধু existing risk track করার process নয়।
এর মধ্যে রয়েছে:
1. Existing risk monitoring
2. Risk response implementation monitoring
3. New risk identification
4. New risk analysis
5. New risk response planning
6. Response effectiveness evaluation
7. Risk management process effectiveness evaluation
8. Risk owner assignment/continuity
এই holistic ধারণাটি PMBOK 8th Edition-এর process description-এ স্পষ্টভাবে বলা হয়েছে। (studylib.net)
41. Risk Owner-এর গুরুত্ব
Monitor Risks process-এর একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ উদ্দেশ্য হলো:
Risk owners are assigned to maintain continuity and address emerging risks effectively. (studylib.net)
Example
Risk:
Supplier delay
Risk Owner:
Procurement Manager
যদি Procurement Manager বদলি হন, নতুন responsible person assign করতে হবে।
Risk owner না থাকলে risk monitoring দুর্বল হয়ে যায়।
42. Emerging Risk কী?
Project চলার সময় এমন নতুন risk দেখা দিতে পারে যা initial risk identification-এর সময় ছিল না।
Example
Original project:
Normal supplier market.
পরবর্তীতে:
Government import restriction introduced.
এটি একটি:
Emerging Risk
Monitor Risks process-এর মাধ্যমে এটি identify এবং analyze করা হয় এবং প্রয়োজনে response plan করা হয়। (studylib.net)
43. New Risk পাওয়া গেলে কী করবেন?
PMP exam-এর জন্য flow:
New Risk Identified
↓
Analyze the Risk
↓
Determine Probability / Impact
↓
Plan Appropriate Response
↓
Implement Response
↓
Monitorঅর্থাৎ Monitor Risks process-এর সময় নতুন risk পাওয়া গেলেই শুধু Risk Register-এ লিখে থেমে যাওয়া যাবে না।
44. Monitor Risks — Implement Risk Responses থেকে পার্থক্য
| বিষয় | Implement Risk Responses | Monitor Risks |
|---|---|---|
| মূল উদ্দেশ্য | Response execute করা | Risk ও response monitor করা |
| মূল প্রশ্ন | “What we planned—are we doing it?” | “Is it working/what changed?” |
| Risk status | Action implementation | Status/trend evaluation |
| New risks | প্রধান focus নয় | Identify/analyze new risks |
| Response effectiveness | Execute | Evaluate |
| Technical data | সাধারণত implementation-focused | Analyze |
| Reserve | Response use | Reserve Analysis |
| Audit | — | Audits |
| Meetings | — | Meetings |
| Output | Change requests/docs | WPI + Change + Plan/Document/OPA updates |
45. 🔥 PMP Exam Questions
Question 1 — Process Identification
A project manager reviews existing risks, evaluates whether risk responses are effective, identifies emerging risks, and determines whether additional responses are required.
Which process is being performed?
A. Identify Risks
B. Plan Risk Responses
C. Implement Risk Responses
D. Monitor Risks
✅ Answer: D — Monitor Risks
46. Question 2 — Technical Performance Analysis
A project manager compares actual equipment efficiency with the technical performance requirements and discovers a significant deviation that could increase project risk.
Which technique is being used?
A. Reserve Analysis
B. Technical Performance Analysis
C. Risk Audit
D. Meetings
✅ Answer: B — Technical Performance Analysis
47. Question 3 — Reserve Analysis
The project manager determines that only $100,000 of contingency reserve remains while the remaining identified risks may require approximately $250,000.
Which technique is being used?
A. Technical Performance Analysis
B. Reserve Analysis
C. Risk Audit
D. Expert Judgment
✅ Answer: B — Reserve Analysis
48. Question 4 — Audit
A project manager wants to determine whether the project's risk management processes are being followed effectively.
Which technique should be used?
A. Reserve Analysis
B. Risk Audit
C. Technical Performance Analysis
D. Interview
✅ Answer: B — Risk Audit
49. Question 5 — Work Performance Data
A project team records the following:
“Actual equipment delivery delay = 14 days.”
What is this?
A. Work Performance Information
B. Work Performance Report
C. Work Performance Data
D. Risk Report
✅ Answer: C — Work Performance Data
50. Question 6 — Work Performance Information
After analyzing delivery data, the project manager concludes:
“The probability of supplier-delay risk has increased from Medium to High.”
What is this?
A. Work Performance Data
B. Work Performance Information
C. Work Performance Report
D. Raw project data
✅ Answer: B — Work Performance Information
51. Question 7 — Assumption Log
A project originally assumed that an OEM specialist would always be available during commissioning. Monitoring shows that the specialist may not be available.
Which document should be updated?
A. Issue Log
B. Assumption Log
C. Project Charter
D. Stakeholder Register
✅ Answer: B — Assumption Log
52. Question 8 — Risk to Issue
A project team identified a supplier-delay risk. The supplier has now actually missed the contractual delivery date.
What should the project manager do?
A. Keep the matter only in the Risk Register
B. Record/manage the actual problem as an issue
C. Close the risk without documentation
D. Ignore it until project closure
✅ Answer: B
কারণ risk materialize করেছে।
Risk → Issue
53. Question 9 — Change Request
Risk monitoring indicates that the current response is no longer adequate and a new response requires additional budget beyond the approved baseline.
What should the project manager do?
A. Directly increase the budget
B. Submit a change request
C. Ignore the risk
D. Close the risk
✅ Answer: B — Submit a change request
54. Question 10 — Any Component
Risk monitoring indicates that the project needs to change the way resources are managed because risk owners require dedicated resources.
Which output may be appropriate?
A. Only Risk Register update
B. Project Management Plan update
C. Only Issue Log update
D. Project Charter update
✅ Answer: B — Project Management Plan update
কারণ Figure 2-53-এ:
Project Management Plan Updates — Any component
দেওয়া আছে।
55. Question 11 — OPA
A project develops a new risk-monitoring checklist that the organization decides to standardize and use on future projects.
What is the appropriate output?
A. Risk Register only
B. Organizational Process Asset Updates
C. Project Charter
D. Stakeholder Register
✅ Answer: B — Organizational Process Asset Updates
56. Question 12 — New Risk
During risk monitoring, a new regulatory requirement creates a previously unidentified risk.
What should the project manager do?
A. Ignore it because it was not in the original Risk Register
B. Identify/analyze the new risk and plan an appropriate response
C. Close all existing risks
D. Wait until project closure
✅ Answer: B
PMBOK 8th Edition explicitly describes Monitor Risks as including identifying/analyzing new risks and planning responses for them। (studylib.net)
57. Question 13 — Real-Time Power Plant
During operation of a thermal power plant, vibration data for a critical turbine-bearing gradually increases.
The project manager compares the actual vibration values against the specified technical limits.
Which technique should be used?
A. Reserve Analysis
B. Technical Performance Analysis
C. Risk Audit
D. Meetings
✅ Answer: B
58. Question 14 — Real-Time EPC
An EPC contractor implemented a mitigation strategy to reduce control-system failure. Three months later, the project manager reviews failure statistics and finds that failure frequency has increased.
What should the project manager do?
A. Assume the response is successful because it was implemented
B. Evaluate the response effectiveness and update risk information
C. Close the risk
D. Delete the risk from the Risk Register
✅ Answer: B
PMP mindset:
Implemented ≠ Effective
59. Question 15 — Risk Report
Senior management asks:
“What are currently the major drivers of overall project risk exposure?”
Which document is most appropriate?
A. Risk Register
B. Risk Report
C. Issue Log
D. Assumption Log
✅ Answer: B — Risk Report
60. Question 16 — Risk Register
A supplier's performance deteriorates and the probability of delivery risk increases from Medium to High.
What should be updated?
A. Risk Register
B. Project Charter
C. Business Case
D. Procurement Statement of Work
✅ Answer: A — Risk Register
61. Question 17 — Meetings
The project manager holds a weekly session with risk owners to review:
- Risk status
- Triggers
- Response effectiveness
- Emerging risks
Which technique is being used?
A. Audits
B. Meetings
C. Reserve Analysis
D. Technical Performance Analysis
✅ Answer: B — Meetings
62. Question 18 — Complete PMP Scenario
A project manager notices that a technical risk is increasing. The manager:
- Reviews actual technical performance,
- Checks remaining contingency reserve,
- Conducts a risk review meeting,
- Updates the Risk Register,
- Determines that additional funding may be needed.
Which process is being performed?
A. Plan Risk Responses
B. Implement Risk Responses
C. Monitor Risks
D. Identify Risks
✅ Answer: C — Monitor Risks
কারণ এখানে Figure 2-53-এর একাধিক element একসঙ্গে ব্যবহার হয়েছে:
Technical Performance Analysis + Reserve Analysis + Meetings + Risk Register Update + Potential Change Request
63. Figure 2-53 — Final Complete Revision Sheet
INPUTS
① Project Management Plan
→ Risk Management Plan
Function: Risk monitoring framework দেয়।
② Project Documents
→ Issue Log
Function: Existing problems track করে।
→ Lessons Learned Register
Function: Previous/current lessons ব্যবহার করে।
→ Risk Register
Function: Individual risks track করে।
→ Risk Report
Function: Overall risk exposure দেখায়।
③ Work Performance Data
Function: Raw actual performance information দেয়।
④ Work Performance Reports
Function: Project performance-এর consolidated view দেয়।
⑤ Etc.
Function: Other relevant project-specific information।
64. TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
① Data Analysis
Technical Performance Analysis
→ Actual vs required technical performance।
Reserve Analysis
→ Remaining reserve যথেষ্ট কি না।
② Audits
→ Risk management process এবং response effectiveness evaluate।
③ Meetings
→ Risk review, emerging risks, response effectiveness, escalation।
④ Etc.
→ Additional suitable techniques।
65. OUTPUTS
① Work Performance Information
→ Analyzed risk/performance information।
② Change Requests
→ Approved plan/baseline পরিবর্তনের প্রয়োজন হলে।
③ Project Management Plan Updates
→ Any component
④ Project Document Updates
→ Assumption Log
→ Issue Log
→ Lessons Learned Register
→ Risk Register
→ Risk Report
⑤ Organizational Process Asset Updates
→ Organization-এর future projects-এর জন্য risk-related knowledge, procedures, templates, lessons ইত্যাদি improve করা।
⑥ Etc.
→ Other relevant outputs।
66. 🧠 Figure 2-53 Memorization Trick
একটি short memory structure:
INPUT
Plan + Documents + Data + Reports
TOOLS
Analyze + Audit + Meet
OUTPUT
Information + Change + Plan Update + Document Update + OPA Update
আর Data Analysis-এর দুটি sub-technique:
Technical Performance + Reserve
Project Document Updates-এর পাঁচটি:
A-I-L-R-R
A = Assumption Log
I = Issue Log
L = Lessons Learned Register
R = Risk Register
R = Risk Report
67. সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ PMP Exam Logic
Technical deviation → Technical Performance Analysis
Remaining contingency/management reserve → Reserve Analysis
Risk process effectiveness → Audit
Risk discussion/review → Meetings
Raw project measurements → Work Performance Data
Analyzed risk/performance information → Work Performance Information
Actual problem → Issue Log
Changed assumption → Assumption Log
Changed individual risk → Risk Register
Changed overall risk exposure → Risk Report
Need to change approved plan/baseline → Change Request
Risk monitoring changes project-management approach → Project Management Plan Update
New reusable organizational risk knowledge/procedure → Organizational Process Asset Update
এবারের তালিকাটি Figure 2-53-এর কোনো explicit ITTO item বাদ না দিয়ে সাজানো হয়েছে। বিশেষ করে আগের উত্তরের বাদ পড়া Work Performance Data, Work Performance Reports, Assumption Log, “Any component” এবং Organizational Process Asset Updates এখানে অন্তর্ভুক্ত করা হয়েছে। (studylib.net)
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