Lead the Team — PMBOK® Guide 8th Edition
1. Lead the Team কী?
Lead the Team হলো এমন একটি process যেখানে project team-এর:
- competency উন্নত করা,
- team member interaction উন্নত করা,
- team environment উন্নত করা,
- performance track করা,
- feedback দেওয়া,
- issue resolve/escalate করা,
- team changes manage করা
ইত্যাদির মাধ্যমে project performance উন্নত করা হয়।
এর key benefit হলো:
Team behavior influence করা, conflict manage করা এবং team members-এর মধ্যকার issues resolve করা। (FlipHTML5)
অর্থাৎ:
Acquire Resources
→ Team members/resources project-এ আনা
Lead the Team
→ সেই team-কে develop, motivate, guide, coach এবং lead করা
Monitor and Control Resourcing
→ Resource performance ও availability monitor করা
2. Figure 2-44-এর সম্পূর্ণ ITTO
Figure 2-44 অনুযায়ী:
Inputs
1. Project Management Plan
Resource Management Plan
2. Project Documents
Issue Log
Lessons Learned Register
Project Schedule
Resource Calendars
Team Charter
Work Performance Reports
Project Team Assignments
3. Team Performance Assessments
4. Enterprise Environmental Factors
5. Organizational Process Assets
6. Etc.
Tools & Techniques
Colocation
Virtual Teams
Communication Technology
Interpersonal and Team Skills
Conflict Management
Influencing
Motivation
Negotiation
Team Building
Decision-Making
Critical Thinking
Coaching and Mentoring
Training
Problem-Solving
Six Thinking Hats®
Retrospectives
Recognition and Rewards
Individual and Team Assessments
Data Analysis
SWOT Analysis
Meetings
Emotional Intelligence
Organizational Cultural Intelligence
Leadership
Distributed Management and Leadership
Centralized Management and Leadership
Servant Leadership
Tuckman Ladder
Project Management Information System
Virtual Collaboration Tools
Etc.
Outputs
Team Performance Assessments
Change Requests
Project Management Plan Updates
Resource Management Plan
Schedule Baseline
Cost Baseline
Project Document Updates
Issue Log
Lessons Learned Register
Project Schedule
Resource Calendars
Team Charter
Project Team Assignments
Enterprise Environmental Factor Updates
Organizational Process Asset Updates
Etc. (Dr. Hajiyakhchali)
এখন প্রতিটি item-এর function বিস্তারিতভাবে দেখি।
PART-A: INPUTS
3. Project Management Plan
Lead the Team process-এর প্রধান management framework হলো Project Management Plan।
Figure 2-44-এ এর specific component:
Resource Management Plan
4. Resource Management Plan
Resource Management Plan বলে দেয় project team-কে কীভাবে:
- manage করা হবে
- develop করা হবে
- motivate করা হবে
- lead করা হবে
- conflict handle করা হবে
- resource performance monitor করা হবে
- resource release করা হবে
Lead the Team-এ Function
PM এই plan দেখে বুঝবেন:
“আমার project team-কে কীভাবে manage এবং lead করতে হবে?”
উদাহরণ
Plan-এ যদি বলা থাকে:
Team members-এর performance feedback monthly দেওয়া হবে।
তাহলে Lead the Team process-এ PM সেই approach অনুসরণ করবেন।
5. Project Documents
Figure 2-44-এ Project Documents-এর অধীনে 7টি specific input রয়েছে:
- Issue Log
- Lessons Learned Register
- Project Schedule
- Resource Calendars
- Team Charter
- Work Performance Reports
- Project Team Assignments
এগুলো একে একে দেখি।
6. Issue Log
Issue Log-এ project-এর existing issues record করা থাকে।
Lead the Team-এ Function
Team-related issue identify এবং resolve করতে সাহায্য করে।
Example
Issue:
Two engineers disagree about the technical approach.
PM Issue Log দেখে issue-এর status এবং history বুঝবেন এবং Conflict Management / Problem-Solving ব্যবহার করবেন।
মনে রাখুন
Team issue → Issue Log → Lead the Team
7. Lessons Learned Register
আগে থেকে সংগৃহীত lessons Lead the Team process-এ team performance উন্নত করতে ব্যবহার করা যায়।
Function
আগের experience থেকে team management-এর ভালো practice গ্রহণ করা।
Example
Previous project lesson:
“Daily coordination meetings significantly reduced commissioning conflicts.”
বর্তমান project-এ PM সেই practice ব্যবহার করতে পারেন।
8. Project Schedule
Project Schedule team members-এর:
- কাজের timing
- activities
- deadlines
- dependencies
- workload
সম্পর্কে information দেয়।
Lead the Team-এ Function
Team-এর কাজ schedule অনুযায়ী coordinate এবং lead করা।
Example
যদি commissioning activity পিছিয়ে যায়, PM team-এর সঙ্গে কাজ করে recovery plan তৈরি করতে পারেন।
9. Resource Calendars
Resource Calendar দেখায়:
- কে কখন available
- working hours
- shifts
- holidays
- leave
- unavailable periods
Function
Team members-এর availability বুঝে work allocation ও coordination করা।
Example
একজন specialist শুধুমাত্র night shift-এ available।
PM তার assignment ও team coordination সেই অনুযায়ী adjust করতে পারেন।
10. Team Charter
Team Charter হলো team-এর:
- values
- communication rules
- decision-making approach
- conflict-resolution approach
- meeting norms
- working agreements
এর document।
Lead the Team-এ Function
Team members-এর expected behavior ও working norms অনুযায়ী team lead করতে সাহায্য করা।
Example
Team Charter-এ আছে:
“Technical disagreement ব্যক্তিগত আক্রমণে পরিণত করা যাবে না।”
Conflict হলে PM এই agreed rule ব্যবহার করবেন।
PMP Exam Tip ⭐
Team Charter = Team-এর agreed working rules
11. Work Performance Reports
Work Performance Reports team/project performance সম্পর্কে information দেয়।
Function
PM বুঝতে পারেন:
- team performance কেমন
- work progress কেমন
- কোথায় problem
- কোথায় corrective action দরকার
Example
Report দেখাচ্ছে:
Electrical testing productivity 20% below target.
PM team-এর সঙ্গে আলোচনা করে কারণ identify এবং improvement action নিতে পারেন।
12. Project Team Assignments
এটি বলে দেয়:
- কে project team-এর member
- কে কোন role-এ
- কে কোন কাজের জন্য responsible
Lead the Team-এ Function
সঠিক ব্যক্তির সঙ্গে:
- feedback
- coaching
- performance discussion
- training
- conflict resolution
করতে সাহায্য করে।
13. Team Performance Assessments
Team Performance Assessments Lead the Team-এর একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ input।
Function
Team-এর current:
- effectiveness
- collaboration
- competency
- performance
- communication
সম্পর্কে understanding দেয়।
Example
Assessment দেখায়:
Technical competency ভালো, কিন্তু communication দুর্বল।
PM তখন:
Communication coaching/training
দিতে পারেন।
14. Enterprise Environmental Factors — EEF
EEF team leadership-কে প্রভাবিত করতে পারে।
উদাহরণ:
- organizational culture
- HR policies
- working environment
- geographic distribution
- labor agreements
- organizational structure
- existing leadership culture
Example
Organization-এর culture highly hierarchical হলে PM-এর leadership approach সেই context অনুযায়ী adapt করতে হতে পারে।
15. Organizational Process Assets — OPA
OPA-এর মধ্যে থাকতে পারে:
- HR policies
- performance evaluation procedures
- training procedures
- recognition policies
- lessons learned
- organizational templates
- historical team performance data
Function
Existing organizational knowledge ব্যবহার করে team leadership improve করা।
PART-B: TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
এখানেই Figure 2-44-এর সবচেয়ে বড় অংশ।
16. Colocation
Colocation হলো team members-কে একই physical location-এ কাজ করার সুযোগ দেওয়া।
Function
Improves:
- communication
- collaboration
- trust
- problem-solving
- team bonding
Example
একই project office-এ:
Electrical + Mechanical + Instrument + Civil engineers
একসঙ্গে কাজ করলে technical communication দ্রুত হয়।
PMP Clue
Same physical location → Colocation
17. Virtual Teams
Team members geographically distributed হলেও technology ব্যবহার করে একসঙ্গে কাজ করতে পারে।
Function
Remote team member-এর:
- communication
- collaboration
- coordination
সুবিধা দেওয়া।
Example
বাংলাদেশের project team + Chinese EPC specialist + European consultant।
সবাই online collaboration platform ব্যবহার করছে।
18. Communication Technology
Technology ব্যবহার করে team communication facilitate করা।
উদাহরণ:
- Video conference
- Instant messaging
- Collaboration platform
- Project portal
Function
বিশেষ করে virtual/distributed team-এর communication বজায় রাখা।
19. Interpersonal and Team Skills
Figure 2-44-এ এর অধীনে 9টি specific technique আছে:
- Conflict Management
- Influencing
- Motivation
- Negotiation
- Team Building
- Decision-Making
- Critical Thinking
- Coaching and Mentoring
- Training
এগুলো PMP exam-এর জন্য অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
20. Conflict Management
Team members-এর disagreement constructive manner-এ resolve করা।
Example
Electrical Engineer এবং Instrument Engineer protection philosophy নিয়ে disagree করছে।
PM:
- issue বুঝবেন
- root cause identify করবেন
- সবাইকে শুনবেন
- mutually acceptable solution বের করবেন
PMP Principle
Conflict সবসময় খারাপ নয়; properly managed conflict team-এর performance improve করতে পারে।
21. Influencing
Team members-এর behavior বা decision-কে appropriateভাবে influence করা।
Example
PM team-কে বোঝালেন:
“Safety testing shortcut করলে commissioning দ্রুত হবে না; বরং future failure risk বাড়বে।”
Team তখন safe approach গ্রহণ করল।
22. Motivation
Team members-কে project objectives অর্জনে উৎসাহিত করা।
Motivation হতে পারে:
- recognition
- meaningful work
- autonomy
- career development
- achievement
- rewards
PMP Clue
Team enthusiasm/commitment বাড়ানো → Motivation
23. Negotiation
Team members বা stakeholders-এর competing needs-এর মধ্যে agreement তৈরি করা।
Example
দুই department একই engineer-কে চায়।
PM workload ও priority নিয়ে আলোচনা করে mutually acceptable assignment তৈরি করেন।
মনে রাখুন
Acquire Resources-এ Negotiation
→ Resource obtain করার জন্য।
Lead the Team-এ Negotiation
→ Team-এর internal/organizational differences manage করার জন্য।
24. Team Building
Team members-এর মধ্যে:
- trust
- collaboration
- communication
- cohesion
উন্নত করা।
Example
Project team workshop:
“Root Cause Analysis & Team Collaboration Workshop”
এর মাধ্যমে team cohesion improve করা।
25. Decision-Making
Team-কে effective decision নিতে সাহায্য করা।
Example
একটি equipment failure-এর পরে team-এর সামনে দুটি solution।
PM team-এর:
- technical evidence
- risk
- cost
- schedule
বিবেচনা করে decision নিতে সাহায্য করেন।
26. Critical Thinking
Information-কে blindly accept না করে:
- analyze
- evaluate
- question assumptions
- identify bias
- assess evidence
করা।
Example
Vendor বলছে:
“Equipment failure user error-এর কারণে।”
Team evidence analyze করে দেখতে পেল root cause design defect।
এখানে Critical Thinking গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
27. Coaching and Mentoring
Coaching
বর্তমান performance improve করতে সাহায্য করা।
Mentoring
Long-term development এবং professional growth-এ guidance দেওয়া।
Example
Junior electrical engineer relay testing-এ ভুল করছে।
PM/Lead Engineer তাকে:
- correct method দেখালেন
- feedback দিলেন
- practice করালেন
→ Coaching.
আর career development-এর জন্য দীর্ঘমেয়াদি guidance দিলে → Mentoring।
28. Training
Team-এর competency gap পূরণ করা।
Example
Project-এ নতুন DCS system এসেছে।
Team members unfamiliar।
তাই:
DCS vendor training
দেওয়া হলো।
29. Problem-Solving
Team-related problem identify এবং solution develop করা।
Typical steps
Identify → Analyze → Alternatives → Select → Implement
Example
Team productivity কমে গেছে।
PM:
- কারণ identify
- workload analyze
- alternatives develop
- solution select
- implement
30. Six Thinking Hats®
Figure 2-44-এ Problem-Solving-এর অধীনে:
Six Thinking Hats®
দেওয়া হয়েছে। (Dr. Hajiyakhchali)
এটি বিভিন্ন perspective থেকে problem examine করতে সাহায্য করে।
ছয়টি hat-এর basic idea
| Hat | Focus |
|---|---|
| White | Facts/Data |
| Red | Emotions/Feelings |
| Black | Risks/Caution |
| Yellow | Benefits/Positive |
| Green | Creativity/Alternatives |
| Blue | Process/Control |
Example
একটি turbine control modification নিয়ে team debate করছে।
PM সবাইকে আলাদা perspective থেকে বিষয়টি analyze করতে বললেন।
এতে ব্যক্তিগত conflict কমিয়ে structured problem-solving করা যায়।
31. Retrospectives
Retrospective হলো team-এর কাজের দিকে ফিরে তাকিয়ে:
- কী ভালো হয়েছে?
- কী ভালো হয়নি?
- কী improve করা যায়?
তা আলোচনা করা।
Function
Continuous improvement।
Example
প্রতি commissioning phase শেষে:
“What went well / What did not / What should we change?”
আলোচনা করা।
Agile Context
Retrospectives Agile environment-এ বিশেষভাবে common হলেও broader team development-এও ব্যবহার করা যায়।
32. Recognition and Rewards
Team বা individual-এর ভালো performance recognize/reward করা।
Function
- motivation বাড়ানো
- desired behavior reinforce করা
- morale improve করা
- team engagement বাড়ানো
Example
একজন technician critical shutdown activity সফলভাবে সম্পন্ন করেছেন।
PM তাকে:
Formal appreciation + recognition
দিলেন।
33. Individual and Team Assessments
Individual এবং পুরো team-এর:
- strengths
- weaknesses
- competencies
- performance
- development needs
assess করা।
Function
Performance gap identify করা।
Example
Assessment:
Technical skill = Excellent
Communication = Needs improvement
তাহলে communication training/coaching দেওয়া যেতে পারে।
34. Data Analysis
Team performance data analyze করে improvement opportunity identify করা।
Figure 2-44-এ Data Analysis-এর অধীনে:
SWOT Analysis
দেওয়া হয়েছে। (Dr. Hajiyakhchali)
35. SWOT Analysis
S — Strengths
Team-এর শক্তি।
W — Weaknesses
Team-এর দুর্বলতা।
O — Opportunities
উন্নতির সুযোগ।
T — Threats
Potential threats।
Example
Project team:
Strength: Highly experienced engineers
Weakness: Poor communication
Opportunity: Training
Threat: Key engineer may leave
এভাবে team development strategy তৈরি করা যায়।
36. Meetings
Team meetings ব্যবহার করা হয়:
- coordination
- issue resolution
- decision-making
- feedback
- information sharing
- team alignment
এর জন্য।
Example
Weekly team meeting:
Progress + issues + risks + upcoming activities
37. Emotional Intelligence
Emotional Intelligence হলো নিজের এবং অন্যের emotions বুঝে appropriately respond করার ability।
Components
- self-awareness
- self-regulation
- empathy
- social awareness
- relationship management
Example
একজন engineer angry হয়ে meeting ছেড়ে যেতে চাইছেন।
PM তার emotion বুঝে calmly discuss করেন এবং conflict escalate হতে দেন না।
PMP Clue
Emotion + empathy + relationship → Emotional Intelligence
38. Organizational Cultural Intelligence
বিভিন্ন organizational/cultural background-এর মানুষদের behavior এবং expectations বুঝে leadership approach adapt করা।
Example
Project team:
- Bangladesh
- China
- India
- Europe
থেকে এসেছে।
Communication style এবং decision-making expectation ভিন্ন হতে পারে।
PM cultural differences বুঝে team পরিচালনা করেন।
39. Leadership
Figure 2-44-এ Leadership-এর অধীনে তিনটি approach আছে:
- Distributed Management and Leadership
- Centralized Management and Leadership
- Servant Leadership
40. Distributed Management and Leadership
Leadership responsibility শুধু PM-এর কাছে সীমাবদ্ধ নয়।
Team-এর বিভিন্ন সদস্য leadership গ্রহণ করতে পারে।
Example
Protection Engineer protection-related decision lead করছেন।
DCS Engineer DCS-related decision lead করছেন।
এটি distributed leadership-এর example।
সুবিধা
- empowerment
- expertise utilization
- faster decisions
- shared ownership
41. Centralized Management and Leadership
Decision-making authority প্রধানত একজন leader/PM-এর কাছে centralized থাকে।
কখন useful?
- emergency
- crisis
- highly controlled environment
- urgent decision
Example
Plant emergency situation-এ Project Manager immediate decision নিলেন এবং team-কে direct instruction দিলেন।
42. Servant Leadership
Leader-এর primary focus হলো:
Team-কে serve করা এবং team members-কে সফল হতে enable করা।
PM:
- বাধা দূর করেন
- team-এর needs support করেন
- listening করেন
- empowerment করেন
- development support করেন
Example
Engineer বলছে:
“আমি testing করতে পারছি না কারণ required test equipment পাওয়া যাচ্ছে না।”
Servant leader:
Equipment arrange করার obstacle remove করেন।
PMP Clue ⭐
Leader serves the team → Servant Leadership
43. Tuckman Ladder
Team development বোঝার জন্য Tuckman Ladder ব্যবহার করা হয়।
সাধারণ stages:
Forming
Team নতুন।
→ সবাই একে অপরকে জানছে।
Storming
Conflict/disagreement শুরু।
→ “আমার approach ভালো।”
Norming
Team norms develop।
→ cooperation বাড়ে।
Performing
Team high performance level-এ পৌঁছে।
Adjourning
Project/assignment শেষ হলে team disband হয়।
PMP Clue
Team development stages → Tuckman Ladder
44. Project Management Information System — PMIS
PMIS team management information organize করতে সাহায্য করে।
Function
- assignment tracking
- schedule
- performance data
- communication
- issue tracking
- resource information
Example
PMIS-এ দেখা যাচ্ছে:
Engineer A → 120% workload
Engineer B → 60% workload
PM workload rebalance করতে পারেন।
45. Virtual Collaboration Tools
Virtual team collaboration-এর জন্য technology tools ব্যবহার করা।
যেমন:
- video conferencing
- shared documents
- collaboration boards
- instant messaging
- online project platforms
Function
Remote team members-এর:
- communication
- document sharing
- collaboration
- coordination
সহজ করা।
Virtual Teams বনাম Virtual Collaboration Tools
Virtual Teams
→ Team structure/approach
Virtual Collaboration Tools
→ সেই team-কে collaborate করানোর technology
PART-C: OUTPUTS
46. Team Performance Assessments
এটি Figure 2-44-এর output এবং পরবর্তী team leadership action-এর জন্য feedback হিসেবে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
Function
Team performance-এর:
- effectiveness
- collaboration
- competency
- communication
- productivity
evaluate করা।
Example
Assessment দেখায়:
Team technical performance ভালো, কিন্তু cross-functional communication দুর্বল।
পরবর্তী action:
Team-building + communication coaching
47. Change Requests
Lead the Team process-এর ফলে change request তৈরি হতে পারে।
কখন?
যদি team/resource issue-এর কারণে:
- schedule change
- cost change
- resource plan change
- baseline change
প্রয়োজন হয়।
Example
Key engineer unexpectedly leaves.
Replacement resource পাওয়ার জন্য additional cost এবং schedule adjustment দরকার।
তাহলে:
Change Request
raise হতে পারে।
48. Project Management Plan Updates
Figure 2-44-এ তিনটি specific component update হতে পারে:
- Resource Management Plan
- Schedule Baseline
- Cost Baseline
49. Resource Management Plan Update
Team leadership-এর experience অনুযায়ী resource management approach update হতে পারে।
Example
Original:
Weekly team review.
Actual experience:
Daily coordination required.
Resource Management Plan appropriateভাবে update হতে পারে।
50. Schedule Baseline Update
Team performance-এর কারণে approved schedule baseline পরিবর্তনের প্রয়োজন হতে পারে।
Example
Critical team member unavailable হওয়ার কারণে:
10-day delay
হয়েছে।
Approved change-এর মাধ্যমে schedule baseline update হতে পারে।
PMP Tip
Schedule Baseline ≠ Project Schedule
Baseline হলো approved reference point।
51. Cost Baseline Update
Team-related changes-এর কারণে approved project cost পরিবর্তন হতে পারে।
Example
Key employee unavailable।
Replacement external consultant:
Additional $30,000
প্রয়োজন।
Approved change control-এর মাধ্যমে Cost Baseline update হতে পারে।
52. Project Document Updates
Figure 2-44 অনুযায়ী Project Document Updates-এর অধীনে 6টি document আছে:
- Issue Log
- Lessons Learned Register
- Project Schedule
- Resource Calendars
- Team Charter
- Project Team Assignments
53. Issue Log Update
Team issue resolve বা নতুন issue identify হলে Issue Log update করা হয়।
Example
Conflict identified:
Electrical vs Instrument team
Resolution:
Joint technical review
Issue Log-এ status update হবে।
54. Lessons Learned Register Update
Team leadership থেকে শেখা lessons document করা।
Example
Lesson:
“Early conflict-resolution workshops reduced commissioning disputes.”
Future projects-এর জন্য lesson সংরক্ষণ করা হবে।
55. Project Schedule Update
Team performance বা team availability schedule-কে প্রভাবিত করলে Project Schedule update হতে পারে।
Example
Team productivity কমে যাওয়ায় activity finish date পরিবর্তিত হলো।
Project Schedule update করতে হবে।
56. Resource Calendars Update
Team member-এর:
- availability
- leave
- working schedule
- shift
পরিবর্তন হলে Resource Calendar update করা হবে।
57. Team Charter Update
Team working agreement পরিবর্তিত হলে Team Charter update করা যেতে পারে।
Example
Initial:
Weekly meeting.
পরে team সিদ্ধান্ত নিল:
Daily 15-minute coordination meeting.
Team Charter-এ working agreement update হতে পারে।
58. Project Team Assignments Update
Team member-এর role/assignment পরিবর্তন হলে Project Team Assignments update করা হয়।
Example
Original:
Engineer A → Protection Testing
Updated:
Engineer A → Commissioning Coordination
Document update হবে।
59. Enterprise Environmental Factor Updates
Lead the Team-এর ফলে organizational/environmental information change হলে EEF-related information update হতে পারে।
Example
Organization-এর:
- HR policy
- working condition
- organizational culture
- labor rules
সম্পর্কে নতুন information পাওয়া গেল।
60. Organizational Process Asset Updates
Team leadership-এর lessons/process improvement organization-এর reusable knowledge base-এ incorporate করা হতে পারে।
Example
Project থেকে organization একটি নতুন:
“Project Team Conflict Resolution Guideline”
তৈরি করল।
এটি OPA update হতে পারে।
61. “Etc.”
Figure 2-44-এর শেষে:
Etc.
আছে।
অর্থাৎ project-specific circumstances অনুযায়ী অতিরিক্ত relevant outputs থাকতে পারে।
62. Complete Figure 2-44 Map
LEAD THE TEAM
│
┌────────────────┼────────────────┐
│ │ │
INPUTS TOOLS OUTPUTS
│ │ │
▼ ▼ ▼
Project Mgmt Colocation Team Performance
Plan Virtual Teams Assessments
└─ Resource Communication Change Requests
Mgmt Plan Technology
Interpersonal PM Plan Updates
Project Docs & Team Skills ├─ Resource Mgmt Plan
├─ Issue Log ├─ Conflict ├─ Schedule Baseline
├─ Lessons Learned │ Management └─ Cost Baseline
├─ Project Schedule├─ Influencing
├─ Resource Cal. ├─ Motivation Project Doc Updates
├─ Team Charter ├─ Negotiation ├─ Issue Log
├─ WPR ├─ Team Building ├─ Lessons Learned
└─ Team Assign. ├─ Decision ├─ Project Schedule
├─ Critical ├─ Resource Calendars
Team Performance │ Thinking ├─ Team Charter
Assessments ├─ Coaching └─ Team Assignments
└─ Training
EEF Problem Solving EEF Updates
└─ Six Thinking
OPA Hats OPA Updates
Retrospectives
Etc. Recognition
Individual/Team
Assessments
Data Analysis
└─ SWOT
Meetings
Emotional
Intelligence
Cultural
Intelligence
Leadership
├─ Distributed
├─ Centralized
└─ Servant
Tuckman Ladder
PMIS
Virtual
Collaboration
Tools
Etc.Figure-এর মূল তালিকাটি PMBOK 8-এর Figure 2-44-এর সঙ্গে cross-check করা হয়েছে। (Dr. Hajiyakhchali)
63. Lead the Team বনাম Acquire Resources
PMP exam-এ এই distinction খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
| বিষয় | Acquire Resources | Lead the Team |
|---|---|---|
| মূল প্রশ্ন | Resource কীভাবে obtain করব? | Team-কে কীভাবে lead/develop করব? |
| Focus | Obtain + Assign | Lead + Develop + Improve |
| Negotiation | Resource পাওয়ার জন্য | Team conflict/agreement |
| Output | Team assignments | Team performance assessments |
| Team Building | প্রধান focus নয় | গুরুত্বপূর্ণ |
| Coaching | নয় | গুরুত্বপূর্ণ |
| Motivation | নয় | গুরুত্বপূর্ণ |
| Conflict Management | নয় | গুরুত্বপূর্ণ |
| Training | নয় | গুরুত্বপূর্ণ |
| Recognition & Rewards | নয় | গুরুত্বপূর্ণ |
| Tuckman Ladder | নয় | গুরুত্বপূর্ণ |
64. PMP Exam Question 1 — Basic
A project manager has acquired all required team members. The team is now experiencing communication problems, conflicts, and declining motivation.
Which process should the project manager perform?
A. Acquire Resources
B. Estimate Resources
C. Lead the Team
D. Plan Resource Management
সঠিক উত্তর: C. Lead the Team
কারণ resources already acquired; এখন team performance এবং interaction improve করতে হবে।
65. PMP Question 2 — Conflict
Two senior engineers strongly disagree about a technical solution. Their disagreement is affecting team collaboration.
What should the project manager primarily use?
A. Conflict Management
B. Resource Calendar
C. Preassignment
D. Procurement
উত্তর: A. Conflict Management
কারণ মূল সমস্যা হলো team conflict।
66. PMP Question 3 — Motivation
A project team has completed a difficult milestone ahead of schedule. The project manager publicly recognizes the team's contribution and provides an appropriate reward.
Which technique is being used?
A. Coaching
B. Recognition and Rewards
C. Tuckman Ladder
D. Critical Thinking
উত্তর: B. Recognition and Rewards
67. PMP Question 4 — Coaching
A junior engineer repeatedly makes mistakes during equipment testing. The project manager works directly with the engineer, provides feedback, demonstrates the correct approach, and monitors improvement.
Which technique is MOST appropriate?
A. Coaching
B. Negotiation
C. SWOT Analysis
D. Colocation
উত্তর: A. Coaching
68. PMP Question 5 — Mentoring vs Coaching
A project manager provides long-term career guidance to a junior team member and helps the person develop professional capabilities beyond the immediate project task.
Which technique is this?
A. Coaching
B. Mentoring
C. Negotiation
D. Problem-Solving
উত্তর: B. Mentoring
Exam Tip
Immediate/current performance → Coaching
Long-term professional development → Mentoring
69. PMP Question 6 — Servant Leadership
A team member reports that a major administrative obstacle is preventing the team from completing its work. The project manager focuses on removing the obstacle and enabling the team to perform.
Which leadership style is MOST evident?
A. Centralized leadership
B. Servant leadership
C. Transactional leadership
D. Directive leadership
উত্তর: B. Servant Leadership
70. PMP Question 7 — Tuckman
A newly formed project team is experiencing disagreements about roles, responsibilities, and technical approaches.
Which stage of the Tuckman Ladder is MOST likely?
A. Forming
B. Storming
C. Norming
D. Performing
উত্তর: B. Storming
Memory
Forming → Storming → Norming → Performing → Adjourning
71. PMP Question 8 — Six Thinking Hats
A project team is stuck in a disagreement. The project manager wants team members to examine facts, emotions, risks, benefits, creativity, and the discussion process separately.
Which technique is MOST appropriate?
A. SWOT Analysis
B. Six Thinking Hats
C. Tuckman Ladder
D. Resource Calendar
উত্তর: B. Six Thinking Hats
72. PMP Question 9 — SWOT
A project manager wants to assess the team's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats before developing a team improvement strategy.
Which technique should be used?
A. SWOT Analysis
B. Six Thinking Hats
C. Tuckman Ladder
D. Colocation
উত্তর: A. SWOT Analysis
73. PMP Question 10 — Virtual Team
A project has team members located in five different countries. The project manager uses online collaboration and video conferencing tools to maintain communication.
Which combination is MOST relevant?
A. Colocation + Tuckman Ladder
B. Virtual Teams + Virtual Collaboration Tools
C. Preassignment + Procurement
D. Recognition + Rewards
উত্তর: B
74. PMP Question 11 — Critical Thinking
A supplier claims that a recurring equipment failure is caused by improper operation. Instead of accepting the claim, the project team examines test data, maintenance records, and operating conditions.
Which technique is being applied?
A. Motivation
B. Critical Thinking
C. Team Building
D. Recognition
উত্তর: B. Critical Thinking
75. PMP Question 12 — Team Performance Assessment
A project manager conducts a formal evaluation and determines that the team has strong technical capability but weak communication and collaboration.
What is the MOST appropriate next action?
A. Replace the entire team
B. Use coaching, team building, or training to address the gaps
C. Close the project
D. Update only the cost baseline
উত্তর: B
Team Performance Assessment-এর ফলাফল ব্যবহার করে appropriate development action নিতে হবে।
76. PMP Question 13 — Output
A project manager's team leadership activities result in a need to change the approved schedule because the team lacks a critical competency and additional training is required.
What should the project manager consider?
A. Change Request
B. Procurement only
C. Resource Estimate only
D. Stakeholder Identification only
উত্তর: A. Change Request
Approved baseline পরিবর্তনের প্রয়োজন হলে formal change process অনুসরণ করতে হবে।
77. PMP Question 14 — Output Trap
Which of the following is an output of Lead the Team?
A. Resource Requirements
B. Team Performance Assessments
C. Basis of Estimates
D. Resource Breakdown Structure
উত্তর: B. Team Performance Assessments
এটি Figure 2-44-এর প্রথম output।
78. PMP Question 15 — Project Management Plan Update
During team leadership, the project manager determines that the original resource management approach is no longer effective.
Which project management plan component may need to be updated?
A. Resource Management Plan
B. Scope Baseline
C. Quality Baseline
D. Procurement Statement
উত্তর: A. Resource Management Plan
79. PMP Question 16 — Schedule Baseline
A key team member leaves unexpectedly. A replacement must be trained, resulting in an approved change to the project completion date.
Which baseline may need to be updated?
A. Schedule Baseline
B. Resource Calendar only
C. Team Charter only
D. Issue Log only
উত্তর: A. Schedule Baseline
80. PMP Question 17 — Cost Baseline
A project must hire an external trainer because the existing team lacks a required competency. The approved change increases project cost.
Which baseline may need to be updated?
A. Scope Baseline
B. Cost Baseline
C. Schedule Baseline only
D. Resource Calendar
উত্তর: B. Cost Baseline
81. PMP Question 18 — Team Charter
The project team agrees to change its communication and conflict-resolution rules.
Which project document should be updated?
A. Team Charter
B. Cost Baseline
C. Resource Breakdown Structure
D. Procurement Management Plan
উত্তর: A. Team Charter
82. PMP Question 19 — Advanced Scenario
A project team consists of engineers from several countries. Technical competence is high, but cultural differences are causing misunderstandings. The project manager provides cultural awareness guidance and adjusts communication practices.
Which technique is MOST relevant?
A. Organizational Cultural Intelligence
B. Resource Estimating
C. Procurement
D. Preassignment
উত্তর: A. Organizational Cultural Intelligence
83. PMP Question 20 — Integrated Scenario
A project team is experiencing repeated conflicts. The project manager reviews the Issue Log, conducts a team assessment, facilitates a retrospective, uses conflict management and emotional intelligence, and subsequently updates the Issue Log and Lessons Learned Register.
Which process is being performed?
A. Acquire Resources
B. Lead the Team
C. Estimate Resources
D. Plan Resource Management
উত্তর: B. Lead the Team
এখানে একসঙ্গে:
- Issue Log
- Team Performance Assessment
- Retrospective
- Conflict Management
- Emotional Intelligence
- Issue Log Update
- Lessons Learned Update
ব্যবহার হচ্ছে—সবই Lead the Team-এর সঙ্গে strongly aligned।
84. সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ PMP Exam Memory Map
Team already acquired?
→ Lead the Team
Team conflict?
→ Conflict Management
Teamকে influence করতে হবে?
→ Influencing
Team enthusiasm বাড়াতে হবে?
→ Motivation
Agreement তৈরি করতে হবে?
→ Negotiation
Team cohesion বাড়াতে হবে?
→ Team Building
Decision নিতে হবে?
→ Decision-Making
Evidence critically evaluate করতে হবে?
→ Critical Thinking
Individual performance improve করতে হবে?
→ Coaching
Long-term professional development?
→ Mentoring
Skill gap?
→ Training
Structured problem-solving perspectives?
→ Six Thinking Hats
Continuous improvement discussion?
→ Retrospective
Good performance recognize?
→ Recognition and Rewards
Team strengths/weaknesses/opportunities/threats?
→ SWOT Analysis
Emotion/Empathy?
→ Emotional Intelligence
Cross-cultural issue?
→ Organizational Cultural Intelligence
Leadership responsibility shared?
→ Distributed Leadership
Leader makes decisions centrally?
→ Centralized Leadership
Leader serves/removes obstacles for team?
→ Servant Leadership
Team development stages?
→ Tuckman Ladder
85. এক নজরে Figure 2-44
| Category | PMBOK 8 Key Points |
|---|---|
| Main Purpose | Team competency, interaction ও environment improve করা |
| Key Benefit | Team behavior influence, conflict manage, issues resolve |
| Main Input | Resource Management Plan |
| Important Documents | Issue Log, Lessons Learned, Schedule, Calendars, Team Charter, WPR, Team Assignments |
| People Skills | Conflict, Influencing, Motivation, Negotiation, Team Building |
| Thinking Skills | Decision-Making, Critical Thinking |
| Development | Coaching, Mentoring, Training |
| Problem-Solving | Six Thinking Hats |
| Improvement | Retrospectives |
| Motivation | Recognition & Rewards |
| Analysis | Individual/Team Assessment, SWOT |
| Emotional | Emotional Intelligence |
| Cultural | Organizational Cultural Intelligence |
| Leadership | Distributed, Centralized, Servant |
| Team Development | Tuckman Ladder |
| Technology | PMIS, Virtual Collaboration Tools |
| Key Output | Team Performance Assessments |
| Plan Updates | Resource Management Plan, Schedule Baseline, Cost Baseline |
| Document Updates | Issue Log, Lessons Learned, Schedule, Calendars, Team Charter, Team Assignments |
| Other Outputs | Change Requests, EEF Updates, OPA Updates |
⭐ সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পার্থক্য
Acquire Resources-এর মূল কথা:
“Right people/resources-কে project-এ obtain ও assign করা।”
Lead the Team-এর মূল কথা:
“Acquired team-কে develop, motivate, coach, resolve conflict, improve performance এবং lead করা।”
আর Lead the Team-এর জন্য একটি খুব শক্তিশালী exam formula মনে রাখুন:
Assess → Communicate → Motivate → Develop → Resolve → Lead → Improve
অর্থাৎ:
Team Performance Assess করুন → Communication করুন → Motivate করুন → Coach/Train করুন → Conflict/Issue Resolve করুন → Appropriate Leadership Style ব্যবহার করুন → Retrospective/Assessment-এর মাধ্যমে continuously improve করুন। (FlipHTML5)
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