Implement Risk Responses- PMBOK® Guide 8th Edition
Figure 2-52-এর প্রতিটি Input, Tools & Techniques এবং Output-এর বিস্তারিত ব্যাখ্যা
Implement Risk Responses হলো সেই process যেখানে Plan Risk Responses-এ নির্ধারিত risk response actions বাস্তবে execute করা হয়।
সহজভাবে:
Perform Risk Analysis → Risk কতটা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ তা বুঝি
Plan Risk Responses → কী response নেব তা ঠিক করি
Implement Risk Responses → সেই response বাস্তবে করি
Monitor Risks → response কাজ করছে কি না দেখি
1. Implement Risk Responses-এর মূল উদ্দেশ্য
এই process-এর মূল উদ্দেশ্য হলো:
- Planned risk responses বাস্তবায়ন করা
- Individual risks-এর জন্য agreed response action execute করা
- Overall project risk মোকাবিলায় agreed actions implement করা
- Risk owner ও assigned resources ব্যবহার করে response কার্যকর করা
- Response-এর effectiveness সম্পর্কে information সংগ্রহ করা
একটি সহজ উদাহরণ
Risk:
Critical transformer delivery delay হতে পারে।
Plan Risk Responses:
Alternative supplier qualify করা হবে।
Implement Risk Responses:
Procurement team বাস্তবে alternative supplier-এর সঙ্গে contract/PO সম্পন্ন করবে।
অর্থাৎ:
Plan = সিদ্ধান্ত
Implement = কাজটি করা
2. Figure 2-52 — Complete ITTO
PMBOK® Guide 8th Edition-এর Figure 2-52 অনুযায়ী মূল ITTO structure হলো:
Inputs
Project Management Plan
- Risk Management Plan
Project Documents
- Lessons Learned Register
- Risk Register
- Risk Report
Project Team Assignments
অন্যান্য
- Organizational Process Assets
- Etc.
Tools & Techniques
Expert Judgment
Interpersonal and Team Skills
Influencing
Project Management Information System (PMIS)
Etc.
Outputs
Change Requests
Project Documents Updates
Issue Log
Lessons Learned Register
Risk Register
Risk Report
Etc.
PART-A: INPUTS
3. Project Management Plan
Project Management Plan-এর মধ্যে বিভিন্ন subsidiary plan থাকতে পারে। তবে Figure 2-52-এ risk response implementation-এর জন্য বিশেষভাবে:
Risk Management Plan
ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।
4. Risk Management Plan
কী?
Risk Management Plan বলে দেয় project-এ risk response কীভাবে manage এবং implement করা হবে।
এতে থাকতে পারে:
- Risk management approach
- Roles and responsibilities
- Risk categories
- Risk thresholds
- Risk escalation approach
- Risk response implementation approach
- Risk monitoring approach
Implement Risk Responses-এ Function
এটি team-কে নির্দেশনা দেয়:
- কোন risk-এর response কী
- কে response implement করবে
- কখন response নিতে হবে
- কোন risk escalate করতে হবে
- Risk response কীভাবে document করতে হবে
Example
Risk Management Plan-এ বলা আছে:
High-priority risks must have assigned owners and documented response actions.
তাহলে Implement Risk Responses-এর সময় assigned risk owner response execute করবে।
5. Project Documents
Figure 2-52-এ Project Documents-এর মধ্যে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ তিনটি input রয়েছে:
- Lessons Learned Register
- Risk Register
- Risk Report
6. Lessons Learned Register
কী?
Project-এ ইতোমধ্যে শেখা lessons-এর record।
Implement Risk Responses-এ Function
Risk response implement করার সময় পূর্ববর্তী experience কাজে লাগাতে সাহায্য করে।
Example
আগের project-এ supplier delay মোকাবিলায়:
“Backup supplier আগে থেকেই qualify করলে delay কমানো যায়।”
বর্তমান project-এ একই ধরনের risk হলে এই lesson response implementation-এ ব্যবহার করা যায়।
7. Risk Register
এটি Implement Risk Responses-এর সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ input।
Risk Register-এ Plan Risk Responses-এর মাধ্যমে নির্ধারিত information থাকে।
যেমন:
- Risk description
- Risk owner
- Selected response
- Response actions
- Priority
- Trigger
- Contingency action
- Residual risk
- Secondary risks
Implement Risk Responses-এ Function
Risk Register দেখে project team জানতে পারে:
কোন risk-এর জন্য কী action নেওয়া হয়েছে এবং কে তা execute করবে।
Example
Risk Register:
| Item | Information |
|---|---|
| Risk | Transformer delivery delay |
| Probability | High |
| Impact | High |
| Response | Mitigate |
| Action | Qualify backup supplier |
| Owner | Procurement Manager |
| Trigger | Supplier delay > 7 days |
Implement Risk Responses-এ:
Procurement Manager backup supplier qualification শুরু করবেন।
8. Risk Report
কী?
Risk Report project-এর overall risk exposure এবং major risks-এর consolidated view দেয়।
Implement Risk Responses-এ Function
এটি team-কে বুঝতে সাহায্য করে:
- কোন risks সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ
- Overall risk exposure কোথায়
- কোন risks-এর response urgently implement করা দরকার
- Project-level risk response কী কী
Risk Register বনাম Risk Report
| Risk Register | Risk Report |
|---|---|
| Individual risks | Overall risk picture |
| Risk-by-risk details | Aggregate risk exposure |
| Risk owner/action | Overall trends/exposure |
| Operational level | Management/project level |
9. Project Team Assignments
এটি response implementation-এর জন্য গুরুত্বপূর্ণ input।
কী?
কোন team member কোন কাজের জন্য responsible—তার information।
Function
Risk response কে বাস্তবে execute করবে তা নির্ধারণ করতে সাহায্য করে।
Example
Risk:
DCS communication failure.
Response:
Backup communication channel configure করা।
Assigned person:
DCS Engineer
তাহলে Implement Risk Responses process-এ DCS Engineer actionটি execute করবেন।
PMP Exam Tip
Risk owner / assigned team member → response implementation-এর key actor
10. Organizational Process Assets — OPA
OPA-এর মধ্যে organization-এর existing procedures, templates, lessons এবং historical knowledge থাকে।
উদাহরণ:
- Risk response procedures
- Standard operating procedures
- Risk templates
- Historical lessons learned
- Escalation procedures
- Change control procedures
Function
Response implementation organization-এর established process অনুযায়ী করতে সাহায্য করে।
11. Etc.
Figure-এর Etc. বোঝায় project context অনুযায়ী অন্যান্য relevant inputs ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে।
PART-B: TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
12. Expert Judgment
কী?
Subject Matter Expert-এর experience ও technical knowledge ব্যবহার করে risk response implement করা।
Function
Experts সাহায্য করতে পারেন:
- Response action কীভাবে execute হবে
- Technical solution কী
- Response technically feasible কি না
- কোন sequence-এ action নেওয়া উচিত
- Unexpected condition এলে কী adjustment দরকার
Example
Risk:
Turbine control valve failure.
Planned response:
Additional inspection and actuator testing.
Turbine specialist determine করতে পারেন:
কোন inspection আগে করতে হবে এবং acceptance criteria কী হবে।
13. Interpersonal and Team Skills — Influencing
Figure 2-52-এ Interpersonal and Team Skills-এর অধীনে:
Influencing
উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে।
এটি PMP exam-এর জন্য গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
Influencing কী?
Project manager বা risk owner অন্যদের:
- Cooperation
- Support
- Commitment
- Action
নিতে influence করেন।
কেন দরকার?
Risk response অনেক সময় project manager নিজে execute করেন না।
তাকে অন্যদের দিয়ে action করাতে হয়।
Example
Risk response:
Critical spare parts immediately procure করতে হবে।
Procurement team বলছে:
“Normal procurement cycle follow করতে হবে।”
Project manager তাদের influence করে emergency procurement process অনুসরণ করাতে পারেন।
14. Project Management Information System — PMIS
কী?
Project-এর information এবং management activities support করার system।
উদাহরণ:
- Project management software
- Risk tracking system
- Dashboards
- Document management
- Workflow system
- Reporting system
Implement Risk Responses-এ Function
PMIS ব্যবহার করে:
- Risk response action track করা
- Responsibility assign করা
- Due date monitor করা
- Status update করা
- Documentation করা
- Communication করা
- Response completion record করা
Example
Risk:
OEM specialist unavailable.
PMIS-এ action:
“Reserve backup OEM specialist”
Assigned to:
Resource Manager
Due date:
15 September
Status:
In Progress
15. Etc.
Figure-এর Tools & Techniques section-এর শেষে Etc. রয়েছে।
Project context অনুযায়ী additional appropriate tools/techniques ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে।
PART-C: OUTPUTS
16. Change Requests
Implement Risk Responses-এর একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ output হলো:
Change Requests
কেন?
Risk response বাস্তবায়নের সময় project-এর approved:
- Scope
- Schedule
- Cost
- Quality
- Resources
- Procurement approach
পরিবর্তন করার প্রয়োজন হতে পারে।
তখন appropriate change control process-এর মাধ্যমে change request তৈরি করা হয়।
Example
Risk:
Major equipment delivery delay.
Planned response:
Alternative equipment supplier ব্যবহার করা।
এর ফলে:
- Procurement contract পরিবর্তন
- Cost increase
- Schedule change
হতে পারে।
তখন:
Change Request
তৈরি করতে হবে।
PMP Rule
Approved baseline বা project plan পরিবর্তন দরকার → Change Request
নিজে থেকে baseline পরিবর্তন করা যাবে না।
17. Project Documents Updates
Figure 2-52-এ Project Documents Updates-এর অধীনে চারটি specific document রয়েছে:
- Issue Log
- Lessons Learned Register
- Risk Register
- Risk Report
18. Issue Log Update
কখন?
Risk response implement করার সময় কোনো সমস্যা/issue তৈরি হলে Issue Log update করা হয়।
Example
Planned response:
Backup supplier onboard করা।
Implementation-এর সময়:
Supplier qualification documentation incomplete।
এটি একটি issue হিসেবে Issue Log-এ record করা হতে পারে।
গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পার্থক্য
Risk:
ভবিষ্যতে ঘটতে পারে।
Issue:
ইতোমধ্যে ঘটেছে/বর্তমানে ঘটছে।
19. Lessons Learned Register Update
Response implementation থেকে নতুন lessons পাওয়া গেলে তা Lessons Learned Register-এ document করা হয়।
Example
Response:
Emergency procurement ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।
Lesson:
“Critical equipment-এর জন্য prequalified backup supplier maintain করা উচিত।”
এই lesson future risk response planning-এ ব্যবহার করা যাবে।
20. Risk Register Update
এটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ output।
Risk response implement করার পর Risk Register update করা হতে পারে:
- Response status
- Response action completed/in progress
- Residual risk
- Secondary risk
- Trigger status
- Risk owner
- Risk response effectiveness
- New information
Example
Original Risk:
Transformer delivery delay
Response:
Backup supplier
Status:
Implemented
Residual Risk:
Medium
New Secondary Risk:
Higher procurement cost21. Risk Report Update
Risk response implementation-এর ফলে overall risk exposure পরিবর্তিত হলে Risk Report update করা হয়।
Example
Response-এর আগে:
Overall project risk exposure = High
Response implementation-এর পরে:
Overall project risk exposure = Medium
এই পরিবর্তন Risk Report-এ reflect হতে পারে।
22. Etc.
Figure-এর Output section-এর শেষে Etc. রয়েছে।
Project context অনুযায়ী অন্যান্য relevant project documents update হতে পারে।
23. Risk Response Implementation-এর বাস্তব উদাহরণ
ধরা যাক:
Project
1320 MW power plant Unit #2-এর maintenance shutdown।
Identified Risk
Critical turbine valve may fail during commissioning.
Step 1 — Perform Risk Analysis
Probability:
Medium
Impact:
Very High
Step 2 — Plan Risk Responses
Selected response:
Mitigate
Planned actions:
- Inspect valve
- Test actuator
- Verify control logic
- Keep critical spare
- Arrange OEM specialist
Step 3 — Implement Risk Responses
এখন বাস্তবে:
Engineering Team
Control logic verify করে।
Maintenance Team
Valve inspection করে।
Testing Team
Actuator functional test করে।
Procurement Team
Critical spare arrange করে।
OEM
Specialist commissioning support দেয়।
এটাই:
Implement Risk Responses
24. Response Implementation-এর Flow
Risk Identified
↓
Risk Analysis
↓
Response Planned
↓
Risk Owner Assigned
↓
Response Action
↓
IMPLEMENT RISK RESPONSES
↓
Actual Action Executed
↓
Risk Register Updated
↓
Risk Report Updated
↓
Residual / Secondary Risks Identified
↓
Monitor Risks25. Implement Risk Responses বনাম Monitor Risks
এখানে PMP exam-এ খুব সহজেই confusion তৈরি হয়।
| Implement Risk Responses | Monitor Risks |
|---|---|
| Response execute করে | Risk monitor করে |
| Planned action বাস্তবায়ন | Risk status track |
| “Do the response” | “Check the risk” |
| Action নেওয়া | Response effective কি না evaluate |
| Response owner action নেয় | Risk trends/changes observe |
Example
Implement:
Backup supplier-এর PO issue করা।
Monitor:
Backup supplier সময়মতো delivery করছে কি না track করা।
26. Implement Risk Responses বনাম Plan Risk Responses
| Plan Risk Responses | Implement Risk Responses |
|---|---|
| Response strategy নির্বাচন | Response action execute |
| What should we do? | Do it |
| Avoid/Transfer/Mitigate etc. নির্বাচন | Selected strategy বাস্তবায়ন |
| Response plan তৈরি | Plan execute |
| Change Request তৈরি হতে পারে | Change Request বাস্তব implementation-এর কারণে হতে পারে |
সহজ Memory
PLAN = Decide
IMPLEMENT = Execute
27. Individual Risk বনাম Overall Project Risk
Implement Risk Responses-এ শুধু individual risk নয়, overall project risk-এর জন্য planned actions-ও implement করা হতে পারে।
Individual
Transformer may be delayed.
Response:
Backup supplier.
Overall
Project has excessive technology uncertainty.
Response:
Adopt proven technology instead of untested technology.
দুটির response বাস্তবে execute করাই Implement Risk Responses-এর অংশ।
28. Secondary Risk — PMP Exam-এর জন্য গুরুত্বপূর্ণ
একটি risk response নতুন risk তৈরি করতে পারে।
এটিকে বলা হয়:
Secondary Risk
Example
Original risk:
Supplier may delay delivery.
Response:
Use an alternative supplier.
কিন্তু alternative supplier-এর quality কম হওয়ার সম্ভাবনা তৈরি হলো।
তাহলে:
New risk = Secondary Risk
এটি Risk Register-এ document/update করা উচিত।
29. Residual Risk
Response implement করার পরও যে risk থেকে যায় সেটি:
Residual Risk
Example
Original risk:
Equipment failure probability = High
Mitigation-এর পরে:
Probability = Low
কিন্তু failure-এর possibility পুরোপুরি eliminate হয়নি।
Remaining risk:
Residual Risk
30. Response Trigger
কিছু risk response predetermined trigger-এর ওপর নির্ভর করে।
Example:
If equipment delivery is delayed by more than 7 days → activate backup supplier.
এখানে:
Trigger = 7-day delay
Trigger occur করলে planned contingency response implement করা হয়।
31. 🔥 PMP Exam Question 1
A project manager has already selected a mitigation strategy for a high-priority risk. The risk owner is now executing the planned mitigation actions.
Which process is being performed?
A. Perform Risk Analysis
B. Plan Risk Responses
C. Implement Risk Responses
D. Monitor Risks
✅ Correct Answer: C. Implement Risk Responses
কারণ response already planned এবং এখন বাস্তবে execute হচ্ছে।
32. PMP Exam Question 2
A project manager wants to convince the procurement department to immediately purchase critical spare parts according to the approved risk response plan.
Which interpersonal and team skill is most relevant?
A. Active listening
B. Influencing
C. Negotiation
D. Coaching
✅ Correct Answer: B. Influencing
Figure 2-52-এ Interpersonal and Team Skills-এর অধীনে Influencing রয়েছে।
33. PMP Exam Question 3
A project team uses a risk management system to assign risk-response actions, track their status, and record completion dates.
Which tool is being used?
A. PMIS
B. Expert judgment
C. Facilitation
D. Decision tree
✅ Correct Answer: A. PMIS
34. PMP Exam Question 4
While implementing a planned risk response, the team discovers that the response requires modification of the approved cost baseline.
What should the project manager do?
A. Modify the baseline immediately
B. Submit a change request through the appropriate change control process
C. Ignore the response
D. Update only the risk register
✅ Correct Answer: B. Submit a change request through the appropriate change control process
35. PMP Exam Question 5
A project manager implements a risk response that reduces the probability of equipment failure. However, a smaller possibility of failure still remains.
What is the remaining risk called?
A. Secondary risk
B. Residual risk
C. Trigger
D. Accepted risk
✅ Correct Answer: B. Residual risk
36. PMP Exam Question 6
A project team implements a response to a supplier delay risk by selecting an alternative supplier. The alternative supplier introduces a new quality risk.
What is this new risk called?
A. Residual risk
B. Secondary risk
C. Overall project risk
D. Accepted risk
✅ Correct Answer: B. Secondary risk
37. PMP Exam Question 7 — Real-Time Scenario
During a power plant shutdown, the team has a planned response to a turbine valve failure risk: perform additional inspection and keep a critical spare valve onsite.
The maintenance team now performs the inspection and positions the spare valve at the site.
Which process is this?
A. Identify Risks
B. Perform Risk Analysis
C. Implement Risk Responses
D. Monitor Risks
✅ Correct Answer: C. Implement Risk Responses
38. PMP Exam Question 8 — Risk Register
A risk owner has completed a planned mitigation action. What project document should be updated to reflect the response status and any remaining risk?
A. Risk Register
B. Project Charter
C. Business Case
D. Procurement Statement of Work
✅ Correct Answer: A. Risk Register
39. PMP Exam Question 9 — Issue vs Risk
While implementing a planned response, the project team discovers that the backup supplier has not submitted a required certification. This is currently preventing the response from being completed.
Where should the new problem primarily be documented?
A. Issue Log
B. Risk Register only
C. Project Charter
D. Stakeholder Register
✅ Correct Answer: A. Issue Log
কারণ এটি এখন hypothetical future event নয়; বর্তমান সমস্যা।
40. PMP Exam Question 10 — Lessons Learned
A project team successfully implements an emergency procurement response and discovers that prequalifying backup suppliers would have reduced response time.
What should the project manager do?
A. Ignore the information because the risk has passed
B. Record the lesson in the Lessons Learned Register
C. Delete the risk from the Risk Register
D. Change the project charter
✅ Correct Answer: B. Record the lesson in the Lessons Learned Register
41. PMP Exam Question 11 — PMIS
A project manager wants to automatically track whether each risk response action has been completed by its assigned owner and due date.
Which tool is most useful?
A. PMIS
B. Expert judgment
C. Influence diagram
D. Probability-impact matrix
✅ Correct Answer: A. PMIS
42. PMP Exam Question 12 — Tricky
A project manager has developed a contingency response:
“If the supplier misses the contractual delivery date by seven days, activate the backup supplier.”
The supplier has now missed the delivery date by seven days.
What should the project manager do?
A. Perform risk identification again before taking any action
B. Implement the planned contingency response
C. Close the risk immediately
D. Wait until project closure
✅ Correct Answer: B. Implement the planned contingency response
কারণ predefined trigger ঘটেছে এবং response আগে থেকেই planned।
43. PMP Exam Question 13 — Expert Judgment
During implementation of a complex technical risk response, the project manager consults a senior engineering specialist to determine the correct sequence for executing the response.
Which technique is being used?
A. Expert judgment
B. Influencing
C. PMIS
D. Cost-benefit analysis
✅ Correct Answer: A. Expert judgment
44. PMP Exam Question 14 — Overall Project Risk
A project has an approved response to reduce the project's overall technology uncertainty. The team now replaces an experimental technology with a proven technology.
Which process is primarily being performed?
A. Plan Risk Responses
B. Implement Risk Responses
C. Identify Risks
D. Perform Risk Analysis
✅ Correct Answer: B. Implement Risk Responses
কারণ response already planned এবং এখন বাস্তবে execute করা হচ্ছে।
45. PMP Exam Question 15 — Real-Time EPC/O&M Scenario
An EPC contractor has recommended installing additional protection logic to reduce the probability of an unwanted turbine trip. The project team has approved this response and now the control engineer is modifying and testing the logic.
Which process is being performed?
A. Plan Risk Responses
B. Implement Risk Responses
C. Perform Risk Analysis
D. Monitor Risks
✅ Correct Answer: B. Implement Risk Responses
কারণ approved mitigation action এখন বাস্তবে implement এবং test করা হচ্ছে।
46. PMP Exam Question 16 — Change Request
During implementation of a risk response, the project team determines that an additional testing activity must be added to the approved schedule.
What should the project manager do?
A. Add the activity directly without approval
B. Submit a change request according to the change control process
C. Cancel the risk response
D. Close the risk
✅ Correct Answer: B. Submit a change request according to the change control process
47. PMP Exam Question 17 — Most Important Distinction
A project manager has selected “Transfer” as the response for an equipment failure risk and has negotiated an insurance contract. What process is represented by the negotiation and execution of the insurance arrangement?
A. Identify Risks
B. Perform Risk Analysis
C. Plan Risk Responses
D. Implement Risk Responses
✅ Correct Answer: D. Implement Risk Responses
কারণ:
Transfer strategy নির্বাচন = Plan Risk Responses
Insurance contract বাস্তবে করা = Implement Risk Responses
48. PMP Exam Question 18 — Opportunity
A project team planned to exploit an opportunity by implementing an automation system. The team has now installed and commissioned the automation system.
Which process is being performed?
A. Plan Risk Responses
B. Implement Risk Responses
C. Perform Risk Analysis
D. Monitor Risks
✅ Correct Answer: B. Implement Risk Responses
মনে রাখবেন, risk বলতে শুধু threat নয়—opportunity-এর response-ও implement করা হয়।
49. 🔥 Figure 2-52-এর Exam Memory Table
| Figure 2-52 Item | কী কাজ করে? | Exam Keyword |
|---|---|---|
| Risk Management Plan | Response implementation-এর framework | How to manage |
| Lessons Learned Register | Previous experience | What worked before |
| Risk Register | Individual risk + planned response | What response / who |
| Risk Report | Overall risk picture | Overall exposure |
| Project Team Assignments | কে response করবে | Responsibility |
| OPA | Organizational procedures/knowledge | Organizational knowledge |
| Expert Judgment | Technical/experienced advice | SME |
| Influencing | People-কে action নিতে motivate | Get cooperation |
| PMIS | Track/document response | Track actions |
| Change Requests | Approved plan/baseline পরিবর্তনের request | Change control |
| Issue Log | Current problems | Problem exists now |
| Lessons Learned Register | New lessons | Learn |
| Risk Register | Response/status/residual/secondary risk | Update individual risk |
| Risk Report | Updated overall exposure | Overall risk |
50. ⭐ PMP-এর জন্য Final Master Concept
Risk Management-এর চারটি process-কে এভাবে মনে রাখুন:
① Identify Risks
What can happen?
↓
② Perform Risk Analysis
How likely and how significant is it?
↓
③ Plan Risk Responses
What should we do?
↓
④ Implement Risk Responses
Do what we planned.
↓
⑤ Monitor Risks
Is it working? What has changed?
সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Formula
PLAN → DECIDE
IMPLEMENT → EXECUTE
MONITOR → CHECK
আর Figure 2-52-এর জন্য বিশেষভাবে মনে রাখবেন:
Risk Register → response কী এবং কার responsibility
Expert Judgment → technical expertise
Influencing → people-কে action নিতে রাজি করানো
PMIS → response action track/document করা
Change Request → approved scope/schedule/cost/plan পরিবর্তনের প্রয়োজন হলে
Issue Log → response implementation-এর সময় actual problem
Lessons Learned Register → implementation থেকে শেখা নতুন lesson
Risk Register → response status + residual/secondary risk
Risk Report → overall project risk picture
এটাই PMBOK® 8th Edition Figure 2-52 — Implement Risk Responses-এর PMP exam-oriented মূল framework।
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